Avoid comparison against Chna
Our judgement of morality, character… etc is subject to brainwash.
* eg: my son’s opinion of CCP
* eg: my view on China’s innovation
* eg: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Catch_a_Predator
* eg: https://btv-open.dreamhosters.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=6980&action=edit
We need to read the criticisms, counter arguments, both sides of the story.
考研对于学生在毕业后进入国企、事业单位和考公务员的帮助是比较大的，而从国外留学回来的学生一般进入大型私企和外资企业的几率比较大。
— 3 types in China system — 学术型硕士,专业型硕士,非全日制研究生
从培养方向来看，学硕的培养方向侧重理论，注重培养教学、科研人才，授予学位的类型主要是学术型学位；专硕的培养方向侧重实践，注重培养市场紧缺的应用型人才；非全日制研究生则为在职人员准备，注重提高在职人员的专业水平。
— selection criteria
中国研究生院校招生主要以考试为主，通过全国统一的研究生入学考试，对学生进行考试成绩考评，成绩达标[1] 的学生进入面试环节（复试），以面试结果确定最终录取结果。
统考的科目有数学、外语、政治。 专业课主要由各招生单位自行命题（加入全国统考的学校全国统一命题）
[1] This is a strict pass/fail criteria. 分数线 .. 主要是考研国家线 — 国家确定的初试成绩基本要求，包括应试科目总分要求和单科分数要求。Exception： 自主划线是经教育部批准的部分招生院校可自主确定 “考生进入复试的初试成绩基本要求”及其他学术要求。只有34所高校有权自主划线。
We often hear stories of rich China people.. My U.S. peers often lament their low income compared to classmates in China… See wage+homePrice: (statistical)biased views@cmcUS colleagues
I believe most Chinese citizens are not the 0.1% employed in the top web2.0 shops. Somehow, in my mind this tiny group is the typical China salary… misperception due to brainwash.
Many urban white-collar Chinese tend to dismiss rural peasants (including rural migrant workers) as if second-class citizens of China, to be treated as excluded data points. Beside peasants, there also are millions of
Now even though these professions are unlikely to pay RMB 1000k/Y, some of these groups esp. those tagged “[$]” do have high wage earners. We should not look down on them.
— https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/world-56209160
2020年5月，中国总理李克强在人大会议期间曾说中国有“6亿中低收入及以下人群，他们平均每个月的收入也就1000元左右”。这与世界银行根据每天每人5.5美元标准对中国贫困总人口的估计基本吻合。(CNY 12000/Y/person.)
Median per-capita disposable income: 根据中国国家统计局的数字，2020年中国居民人均可支配收入中位数为27540元/年。农村居民人均可支配收入中位数为15204元/年， 城镇居民人均可支配收入中位数40378元/年。
— https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/simp/chinese-news-57304453
In terms of household — 根据麦肯锡公司《2020年中国消费者调查报告》50%的中国家庭 disposable income [可支配年收入] 达14万至30万元人民币. I think this is in the cities. If typical family size is 4 then this number is consistent with the 40378元/person/年.
One study found that 45.2 percent of surgeons surveyed in China were smokers.
— https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00177/full is a 2020 China research
In male participants [smokers, presumably], the daily cigarette consumption was 17, and the mean age of smoking initiation was 21, and becoming lower over the years. (Recent decades have seen younger starters among smokers, perhaps due to wider accessibility.)
— https://www.who.int/china/health-topics/tobacco
There are more than 300 million smokers in China, nearly one-third of the world’s total. More than half of adult men are current tobacco smokers. In addition, over 700 million non-smokers in China, including about 180 million children, are exposed to second-hand smoke (SHS) at least for one day in a typical week.
— https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2015-10-09-smoking-set-kill-one-three-young-men-china
Two-thirds of the young men in China start to smoke, mostly before age 20, according to a study, led by researchers from Oxford University, UK, the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and the Chinese Centre for Disease Control. Around half of those who start smoking cigarettes as young men will eventually be killed by tobacco.
In recent decades there has been a large increase in cigarette smoking by young men… The proportion of all male deaths at ages 40-79 that are attributed to smoking has doubled, from about 10% in the early 1990s, to about 20% in 2015. In urban areas this proportion is higher, at 25%, and is still rising.
— defining involution (more searchable than 内卷).. Involution means many things to many people. In my blog, it means inefficiency, zero leverage, questionable productivity, limited value-creation,,, Competition is a key factor in the “contemporary China usage”, not in my blog.
内卷 ^ 躺平: 一个指向“过度竞争”，一个代表“退出竞争”，折射出年青一代对中国社会竞争白热化的挫折感。内卷成为2020中国年度“十大流行语”之一。
内卷在中国的语义与竞争白热化高度联系在一起。(somewhat similar to midlife crisis) 年轻人不断感受到竞争的压力，如果不努力、不竞争就会落后、淘汰、出局……但他们一直在同一个水平上，像一个陀螺被敲打，却没有突破，他们最直观的感觉就是很累，觉得自己重复性的投入没有形成突破，看不到意义。– 社会人类学教授. Involution is not really equal to hyper competition. Involution is a subset of hyper competition. Negative harmful competition.
NY1: China young professional’s involution is “the experience of being locked in a competition that one ultimately knows is meaningless,” — Xiang Biao. It is acceleration without a destination, progress without a purpose, Sisyphus spinning the wheels of a perpetual-motion Peloton.
Feature of involution: no real growth or personal improvement; no seeking real happiness or long-term companionship.
— based on https://finance.sina.com.cn/chanjing/cyxw/2020-11-25/doc-iiznezxs3570352.shtml
在婚恋市场，内卷这个词也是很有解释力的。比如女性客户会去整容，这个现象越来越普遍. 在其他条件没办法短时间内去改变，这种相貌上的改变是立竿见影的，男生的参与度和后续联系都会更好。
这种内卷体现在男性客户上是金钱方面，比如有的男生会把父母养老钱拿来买房，甚至是借一些消费贷，没钱硬要把钱凑上来。
房子的影响有多大？我们遇到一些男生比较有才华，但就是缺物质，被女生一个又一个地拒绝.
会员男比女是45：55，在所有婚介机构里算相对均衡的，但是付费会员中男比女是3：7，女性会员更愿意付费。这两组数据的对比本身就说明了女性更焦虑。大部分男性客户脱单的时间远远短于女性客户。首先，婚恋市场女多男少。而男性又倾向于去找一个稍微不如自己的女性，这就造成了有一些特别优秀的女生剩下.
大学的时候女生像花一样，是受追捧的，27岁基本是一个巅峰期，过了27岁之后，尤其接近30岁时是非常焦虑的，在平台上付费的女性也更多.
在内卷当中占弱势地位的女性是那些年龄上稍微大的，外形上不具有明显优势的。这种人我也往往不建议她们来婚恋机构，因为相比来婚恋机构，他们在日常生活中找反而更加容易。婚恋机构带有很强的目的性，她的劣势在这里就会被放大得很明显，如果不符合这些世俗的标准，你在这个游戏里不占优势，不如就不玩。
As of 2019, wind provided only 5% of China’s power.[4] This is much higher than the 0.1% I heard years ago.
— as of 2019 , total wind power generation capacity in gigawatt. Out of global total of 650 GW
Above is capacity in watts. Below is actual amount of energy produced.
— as of 2017, total annual production of wind energy, in terawatt-hour
I have a growing prejudice that China is an imitator, follower,,, not an innovator like U.S. or Europe. But consider
Math (and comp science to some extent) .. China didn’t invent any, but China students have very strong foundations.
http://baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%8C%97%E6%BC%82/2969#5_1 shows
about CNY 30k/year (CNY 2500/month) in the richest cities. I guess this statistic is a mean (or median) personal income.
Mean is usually much higher than median due to the wealthy outliers.